CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS General Certificate of Education Advanced Subsidiary Level LATIN 8282/2 PAPER 2: LITERATURE

CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

General Certificate of Education Advanced Subsidiary Level

LATIN 8282/2


PAPER 2: LITERATURE


OCTOBER/NOVEMBER SESSION 2003

TO ISSUE: STANDARD ANSWER BOOKLET






Time allowed: 2 hours




SAMPLE PAPER




INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the spaces provided on the answer paper/answer booklet.

Answer ALL questions in BOTH sections of this examination paper. Each section is worth 50 marks.

Write your answers on the separate answer paper provided.

If you use more than one sheet of paper, fasten the sheets together.


INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

All sections in this paper carry equal marks. You should answer ALL questions in this paper. You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers.

2

SECTION A: Verse Literature


QUESTION ONE (25 marks)


Virgil, Aeneid II. 1–20.


conticuere omnes, intentique ora tenebant;

inde toro pater Aeneas sic orsus ab alto:

‘infandum, regina, iubes renovare dolorem, Troianas ut opes et lamentabile regnum
eruerint Danaï, quaeque ipse miserrima vidi, 5 et quorum pars magna fui. quis talia fando
Myrmidonum Dolopumve aut duri miles Ulixi

temperet a lacrimis? et iam nox umida caelo praecipitat suadentque cadentia sidera somnos.
sed si tantus amor casus cognoscere nostros 10 et breviter Troiae supremum audire laborem,
quamquam animus meminisse horret luctuque refugit, incipiam. fracti bello fatisque repulsi
ductores Danaüm, tot iam labentibus annis,

instar montis equum divina Palladis arte 15 aedificant, sectaque intexunt abiete costas;
votum pro reditu simulant; ea fama vagatur. huc delecta virum sortiti corpora furtim includunt caeco lateri penitusque cavernas
ingentes uterumque armato milite complent.’ 20

3



Answer ALL of the following questions:



1. Translate lines 1 (conticuere) to 9 (somnos). (9 marks)

2.
Who is the regina in line 3? Briefly explain the events that lead to
Aeneas being at her palace. What eventually happens to the regina?
(3 marks)

3.
To whom do Myrmidonum and Dolopum refer in line 7? To whom does Danaüm refer in line 14? Who, according to Virgil in this
(2 marks)
passage, inspired the building of the Wooden Horse?

4.
What objections to telling his tale does Aeneas mention?
(2 marks)

5.
What details about the Horse does Virgil give in this passage?
(1 mark)

6.
Scan line 9 (praecipitat), clearly marking the six feet of the hexameter
(5 marks)
and the main caesura. Identify TWO metrical and/or stylistic features in
the line, and state the effect each feature produces?

7.
Identify and explain the grammar of:
(3 marks)
conticuere (1)
eruerint (5)
labentibus annis (14)

4



QUESTION TWO (25 marks)


Virgil, Aeneid II. 201–219.


Laocoön, ductus Neptuno sorte sacerdos, sollemnes taurum ingentem mactabat ad aras. ecce autem gemini a Tenedo tranquilla per alta (horresco referens) immensis orbibus angues
incumbunt pelago pariterque ad litera tendunt; 205 pectora quorum inter fluctus arrecta iubaeque
sanguineae superant undas, pars cetera pontum pone legit sinuatque immensa volumine terga.
fit sonitus spumante salo; iamque arva tenebant

ardentesque oculos suffecti sanguine et igni 210 sibila lambebant linguis vibrantibus ora.
diffugimus visu exsangues. ille agmine certo Laocoönta petunt; et primum parva duorum corpora natorum serpens amplexus uterque
implicat et miseros morsu depascitur artus; 215 post ipsum auxilio subeuntem ac tela ferentem
corripiunt spirisque ligant ingentibus; et iam bis medium amplexi, bis collo squamea circum terga dati superant capite et cervicibus altis.

5



Answer ALL of the following questions:



1. Translate lines 203 (ecce) to 211 (ora). (9 marks)

2.
Which goddess was most likely to have sent the gemini angues?
(2 marks)
What was her prime reason for wanting to destroy Troy?
How do the gemini angues later identify their sender?

3.
Briefly describe Laocoon’s two appearances in Aeneid II. What are his
(2 marks)
two main dramatic functions?

4.
What was Tenedos? What two surprises did it harbour for the Trojans?
(2 marks)

5.
What happens immediately after this passage?
(1 mark)

6.
Identify at least three poetic or literary techniques Virgil uses in the
(3 marks)
passage, and explain what effect they have.

7.
Scan line 217, clearly marking the six feet of the hexameter and the
(2 marks)
main caesura. What is metrically unusual about the line?

8.
Identify and explain the grammar of:
(4 marks)
pelago (205)
immensa volumine (208) spumante salo (209) oculos suffecti (210)

6

SECTION B: Prose Literature


QUESTION ONE (25 marks)


Caesar, de Bello Gallico IV. 20, 1–4.


Exigua parte aestatis reliqua Caesar, etsi in his locis, quod omnis Gallia ad septentriones vergit, maturae sunt hiemes, tamen in Britanniam proficisci contendit, quod omnibus fere Gallicis bellis hostibus nostris inde subministrata auxilia intellegebat.

Et, si tempus anni ad bellum gerendum deficeret, tamen magno sibi usui fore arbitrabatur, si modo insulam adiisset, et genus hominum perspexisset, loca, portus, aditus cognovisset; quae omnia fere Gallis erant incognita.

Neque enim temere praeter mercatores illo adiit quisquam, neque his ipsis quicquam praeter oram maritimam atque eas regiones quae sunt contra Galliam notum est.

Itaque vocatis ad se undique mercatoribus, neque quanta esset insulae magnitudo, neque quae aut quantae nationes incolerent, neque quem usum belli haberent aut quibus institutis uterentur, neque qui essent ad maiorum navium multitudinem idonei portus reperire poterat.

7



Answer ALL of the following questions:



1. Translate the first ten lines of the passage (exigua parte aestatis to (10 marks)
contra Galliam notum est).


2. What constellation does septentriones refer to? Why did the Romans (1 mark)
call it this?


3. What reasons does Caesar in this passage give for setting out on (3 marks)
a campaign to Britain? For what other reasons did Caesar want to go there?


4. Caesar states that neque enim temere praeter mercatores illo adit (1 mark)
quisquam. For what reason might someone else want to go to Britain?


5. What information about Britain was Caesar not able to find out from (2 marks)
the merchants he summoned? How did he go about finding out this information?


6. A feature of Caesar’s style is complex sentence structure. Analyse (4 marks)
the structure of the first four lines of the passage above, identifying the following:
the main subject and the main verb (in Latin)
three different types of constructions (for each, identify the construction and quote the Latin in full)


7. What effect does Caesar achieve by referring to himself throughout (1 mark)
his commentary in the third person?


8. Identify and explain the grammar of: (3 marks)
hostibus nostris (3)
usui (5)
adiisset (6)

8



QUESTION TWO (25 marks)


Caesar, de Bello Gallico IV. 25, 1–6.


Quod ubi Caesar animadvertit, naves longas, quarum et species erat barbaris inusitatior et motus ad usum expeditior, paulum removeri ab onerariis navibus et remis incitari et ad latus apertum hostium constitui atque inde fundis, sagittis, tormentis hostes propelli ac submoveri iussit; quae res magno usui nostris fuit.

Nam et navium figura et remorum motu et inusitato genere tormentorum permoti barbari constiterunt ac paulum modo pedem rettulerunt.

Atque nostris militibus cunctantibus, maxime propter altitudinem maris, qui decimae legionis aquilam ferebat, contestatus deos, ut ea res legioni feliciter eveniret, 'Desilite', inquit, 'milites, nisi vultis aquilam hostibus prodere: ego certe meum rei publicae atque imperatori officium praestitero.'

Hoc cum voce magna dixisset, se ex navi proiecit atque in hostes aquilam ferre coepit.

Tum nostri hortati inter se, ne tantum dedecus admitteretur, universi ex nave desiluerunt.

Hos item ex proximis primis navibus cum conspexissent, subsecuti hostibus appropinquarunt.

9



Answer ALL of the following questions:



1. Translate from atque nostris militibus cunctantibus to subsecuti (8 marks)
hostibus appropinquarunt.


2. How many warships did Caesar have with him at this time? What other (3 marks)
types of sea vessels did he have with him? In general, what advantages and disadvantages did Roman warships have?


3. Precisely where and when are these events taking place? (2 marks)


4. What was the significance of the aquila to the legion? What were the (2 marks)
possible consequences if a legion lost its aquila?


5. Caesar mentions the tenth legion in this passage. What other legion (1 mark)
was attempting to land on the beach? Approximately how many soldiers did a legion comprise of?


6. Why do you think Caesar might include such an episode as this in his (1 mark)
war commentaries?


7. What evidence is there in this passage that Caesar was an effective (1 mark)
general? (You will need to quote from the Latin to support your answer.)


8. A feature of Caesar’s style is complex sentence structure. Analyse (3 marks)
the structure of the first five lines of the passage above, identifying the following:
the main subject and the main verb (in Latin)
two different types of constructions (for each, identify the construction and quote the Latin in full)


9. Identify and explain the grammar of: (4 marks)
sagittis (4) nostris (5) eveniret (10) admitteretur (14)

10

MARKING SCHEDULE

SECTION A: Verse Literature


QUESTION ONE (25 marks)

1. Translation: divide into 18 sections, and award 1 mark for each section. (9 marks)
Each section is worth 1 mark if entirely correct, 1/2 mark if almost correct,
and no mark if there are substantial errors.
The resulting mark should then be divided by 2 to get a mark out of 9.

2. Dido (1/2) (3 marks) Award 1/2 mark for important and accurate details, to a maximum of 2 marks.
E.g. Juno has Aeolus send the winds to sink Aeneas’ fleet / Neptune calms the storm / but not before Aeneas has been driven to the coast of Africa; / there
the Trojans land and Aeneas goes hunting; / he meets his mother who tells him where he is; / he goes hunting and comes across Dido’s palace.
Dido commits suicide (1/2)


3. Myrmidons = the Greek troops of Achilles (1/2) (2 marks) Dolopes = the Greek troops of Neoptolemus (Pyrrhus) (1/2)
Danaüm = the Greeks (1/2)



4. Horse was inspired by Pallas Athene / Minerva (1/2)


It is too sorrowful (1); it is getting late (1)


(2 marks)

5.
Any two of: it is as big as a mountain / built by the divine skill of Pallas /
made of fir (they weave in ribs of cut fir wood) / it is an offering for their return
(1 mark)

6.
One mark for each of the first five feet scanned correctly. No credit will be given for the sixth foot.
One mark for the correct placement of the caesura. One mark for each of two features correctly identified. One mark for each of two perceptive comments.
E.g., assonance of ‘–dent’ gives a lilting effect suggesting sleep. The total mark will then be divided by two to give a mark out of five.
(5 marks)

7.
conticuere = poetic variant of conticuerunt (1/2);
= verb in a main clause (1/2)
eruerint = perfect subjunctive (1/2); = subordinate verb in a reported question / in an ut clause (1/2)
labentibus annis = present participle and noun in the ablative case (1/2);
= ablative absolute (1/2)
(3 marks)

11

QUESTION TWO (25 marks)

1. Translation: divide into 18 sections, and award 1 mark for each section. (9 marks)
Each section is worth 1 mark if entirely correct, 1/2 mark if almost correct,
and no mark if there are substantial errors.
The resulting mark should then be divided by 2 to get a mark out of 9.

2. Pallas Athene / Minerva (1/2) (2 marks) She had been offended by the Trojan shepherd Paris when he chose
Venus / Aphrodite as the fairest goddess of the three (1)
They continue on to Minerva’s shrine and hide under the goddess’ shield (1/2)


3. Runs down from citadel and casts spear into Horse (1/2) Is consumed by the snakes (1/2)
Dramatic functions (1/2 mark for any two): emphatically rejects the notion of bringing the Horse into the city / his death helps convince the Trojans that to harm the Horse is sacrilegious / example of man as a mere pawn of the gods (2 marks)

4.
Tenedos = an island (1/2) off the coast of Troy (1/2) The Greek fleet hid behind the island (1/2)
The snakes first appeared from the island (1/2)
(2 marks)

5.
1/2 mark each for a basic reference to any two of: Laocoön tries to rip the snakes away / he raises screams to the heavens / he is killed (just as a bull …) / the serpents escape to Minerva’s shrine
(1 mark)

6.
1/2 for each technique correctly quoted and identified;
1/2 for each correct effect
E.g., alliteration of fit sonitus spumante salo (line 9); the repeated ‘s’
suggests the sound of the sea as the snakes beach themselves
(3 marks)

7.
Award one mark for each of the first five feet correctly scanned. Award one mark for the caesura correctly positioned.
Award two marks for noting the monosyllables at the end of the sixth foot. Divide the total by four
(2 marks)

8.
pelago = dative (1/2); = after the dative verb incumbunt (1/2) immensa volumine = ablative (1/2); = ablative of manner (1/2) spumante salo = ablative (1/2); = ablative absolute (1/2)
(4 marks)
oculos suffecti = passive past participle with direct object (1/2); = suffecti is being used
like a Greek middle voice which was used with a direct object, or oculos is an accusative of respect with the passive past participle suffecti (1/2)

12

SECTION B: Prose Literature


QUESTION ONE (25 marks)

1. Translation: divide into 20 sections, and award 1 mark for each section. (10 marks) Each section is worth 1 mark if entirely correct, 1/2 mark if almost correct,
and no mark if there are substantial errors.



2. The resulting mark should then be divided by 2 to get a mark out of 10.


septentriones = the Great Bear (1/2)


(1 mark)
It is made up of seven stars / the seven ploughing oxen (1/2)

3.
The British had sent the Gauls reinforcements during their war with Caesar (1/2)
Caesar thought it would be of great use to collect information about the island (1/2)
Britain was legendary for its supposed wealth (gold, silver and pearls) (1); Caesar may have wanted to extend his victories abroad (1)
(3 marks)

4.
To visit the druids (1)
(1 mark)

5.
Any three of: how big the island was;
what kind of people lived there and how many there were;
what experience of war they had and what techniques they used;
what ports there were suitable for his ships (1 1/2)
Caesar sent ahead his legate, Gaius Volusenus, to find these things out (1/2)
(2 marks)

6.
subject = Caesar (1/2); verb = contendit (1/2)
1 each for three constructions; 1/2 for naming the construction,
1/2 for quoting it correctly
E.g., ablative absolute = exigua parte aestatis reliqua
(4 marks)

7.
Caesar achieves a detached / impersonal / factual style.
(1 mark)

8.
hostibus nostris = dative (1/2); = dative of advantage (1/2)
usui = dative (1/2); = predicative dative (1/2)
adiisset = pluperfect subjunctive (1/2);
= conditional clause in oratio obliqua (1/2)
(3 marks)

13


QUESTION TWO (25 marks)


1. Translation: divide into 16 sections, and award 1 mark for each section. (8 marks) Each section is worth 1 mark if entirely correct, 1/2 mark if almost correct,
and no mark if there are substantial errors.



2. The resulting mark should then be divided by 2 to get a mark out of 8.


(Over) 100 (1/2)


(3 marks)
Transport ships / light skiffs (1/2)
1/2 for advantage; 1/2 for disadvantage
E.g., they were light, swift & mobile, but they were easy to sink in a storm.

3.
Deal or Walmer in east Kent (1); 27 August 55 BC (1)
(2 marks)

4.
The eagle embodied the spirit of the legion (numen legionis) (1) If the eagle were lost a legion suffered great disgrace and could be disbanded (1)
(2 marks)

5.
The VIIth (1/2) Approximately 6,000 (1/2)
(1 mark)

6.
It provided an example of bravery to encourage his soldiers / it showed his concern for the common soldiers
(1 mark)

7.
1/2 for evidence; 1/2 for Latin quote
E.g., when Caesar realised that his men were floundering, he reacted swiftly and effectively (quae res magno usui nostris fuit).
(1 mark)

8.
subject = Caesar (1/2); verb = iussit (1/2)
1 each for two constructions; 1/2 for naming the construction,
1/2 for quoting it correctly
E.g., temporal clause = quod ubi Caesar animadvertit
(3 marks)

9.
Identify and explain the grammar of:
sagittis = ablative (1/2); = ablative of the instrument (1/2) nostris = dative (1/2); = dative of advantage / reference (1/2) eveniret = imperfect subjunctive (1/2); = purpose clause (1/2)
admitteretur = imperfect subjunctive (1/2); = reported command (1/2)
(4 marks)