Decision-Making: There is no single agency that focuses specifically on sustainable consumption and production,
but a variety of agencies deal with related issues. The Ministry for the Environment and the Ministry of Foreign
Affairs and Trade are the coordinating agencies for the purposes of CSD liaison and communication. Other central
agencies involved with sustainable consumption and production issues are the following: Department of
Conservation (DOC), Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority (EECA), Land Information New Zealand
(LINZ), Ministry of: Fisheries (MFish); Agriculture and Forestry (MAF); Commerce (MCM); Research Science
and Technology, (MoRST); and Transport (MoT). The local government is New Zealand is responsible for
implementing the Resource Management Act. This legislation aims to promote sustainable management of natural
and physical resources. Both regional councils and territorial authorities are directly elected and set their own rates.
Functions of territorial authorities include land use consents under the Resource Management Act, noise control,
litter control, roading, water supply, sewage reticulation and disposal, rubbish collection and disposal, parks and
reserves, libraries, land subdivision, pensioner housing, health inspection, building consents, parking controls and
civil defence. Functions of regional councils are generally more limited and include management of air quality,
bulk water supply, regional roads and parks and public passenger transport planning.
There are several strategies and policies, and legislation, that promote sustainable consumption and production
patterns including: Environment 2010 Strategy, Resource Management Act 1991, Waste Management Policy,
Energy Efficiency Strategy, Fisheries Act 1996, Sustainable Land Management Strategy, and Hazardous
Substances and New Organisms Act 1996. Legislation and regulations for a number of minimum energy
performance standards have been formulated but await an opportunity in the legislative programme. In addition,
the following codes or practice, standards and guidelines apply: The ISO 14001 series environmental standard, the
European Union's Eco-management and Audit Scheme (EMAS), and the British Standard Specification for EMS
(BS 7750), Cleaner production guidelines and Packaging industry code of practice. Consumer protection is
provided through a series of legislation such as the Fair Trading Act, Commerce Act, Consumer Guarantees Act,
and the Unsolicited Goods and Services Act. Among the specific policy and economic instruments in this area are
the following: Polluter pays, Road user charges, and Climate change economic instruments.
New Zealand offers a variety of opportunities for the participation of major groups in the formulation of policy and
the development and operation of legislation. These include the use of public discussion documents, public
meetings, hui, and other forms of consultation during the formulation of policies, strategies, and plans; and written
and oral submissions to parliamentary committees and members of parliament during the formulation of legislation.
Programmes and Projects: An example of a related project is The Government Energy Efficiency Leadership
Programme (GEELP), which was launched in September 1993. The programme seeks to reduce energy costs within
the public sector and provide a role model for the industrial and commercial sectors to follow. Progress is
monitored through the use of Key Performance Indicators rather than quantitative analysis. The performance
indicators include the appointment of an energy manager, data reporting, monitoring and targeting, implementation,
an energy management plan, and staff education.
Status: The Government's Environment 2010 Strategy contains a framework of overarching goals for the
environment. These goals are qualitative, not quantitative. All sustainable production initiatives in industry in New
Zealand are undertaken on a voluntary basis. Central and local government agencies commission a variety of
research activities relative to sustainable consumption and production to meet their particular information
requirements (for example to assist the development of environmental policies). Financial constraints may affect
the ability of agencies to implement effective programmes to address issues related to promoting sustainable
consumption and production. However, a more binding constraint is likely to be that businesses see the benefits of
more sustainable production processes accruing primarily to the community rather than to them, while they face the
direct costs of putting such processes in place.
Capacity-Building, Education, Training and Awareness-Raising: The Government's environmental education
strategy provides the framework for educating the community to take up environmentally sound behaviour,
including that relating to production and consumption. The Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority
disseminates information on energy efficiency through seminars and publications, including a newsletter. The
Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry has provided materials (including displays, papers and videos) for teachers of
subjects associated with sustainable resource and land use. These materials are designed to advance sustainable
agriculture in educational institutions. The packaging industry has developed an education strategy. Various nongovernmental
organisations in New Zealand promote sustainable consumption and production. An example is The
Natural Step Environment Foundation Aotearoa New Zealand, a charitable trust and a subsidiary of the Natural
Step International. The Natural Step outlines four system conditions required for sustainable production and use of
resources, and recognises that sustainability must be achieved by building consensus between all sectors of the
community: government, industry, environmental organisations, the scientific community, households and
individuals. Some awareness campaigns are operating at the local government level. An example is the Wellington
Regional Council's water conservation awareness campaign.
Information: National level indicators of the state of New Zealand's environment are currently being developed
and trialed as part of the Ministry for the Environment's environmental performance indicators programme. The
current priority is to pilot and implement indicators for air, freshwater, land, ozone, and climate change. These will
be trialed over the next two years and fully implemented in 2000. At the same time, work is continuing to confirm
indicators for the marine environment, terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity, and waste, hazardous substances, and
toxic contaminants. Indicators for transport, energy, pests, weeds, and diseases are to follow. Current plans provide
for these latter sets of indicators to be implemented in the period 2000-2005. The aim is to have a set of core
environmental indicators in place by the turn of the century. Once the full suite of indicators is established,
consistent information on environmental trends will be used to review and reform policies and research initiatives
on a risk basis. The Ministry for the Environment's website allows access to environmental data as part of its
environmental performance indicators programme.
The Ministry for the Environment monitors implementation of the Resource Management Act using a variety of
methods, including case studies and an Annual Survey of Local Authorities. Information on consumption and
production patterns in New Zealand revealed in The State of New Zealand's Environment includes information on
water consumption, energy consumption and waste. Existing information to assist policy makers, industry and the
general public is available from disparate sources. .A variety of Ministry for the Environment publications are
generally available on its website. New Zealand has developed, with a local government body (the Auckland
Regional Council) a national on-line database of cleaner production case studies.
Research and Technologies: The Energy Efficiency and Conservation Author ity was established in 1992 to
encourage adoption of technologies that are energy-efficient and use renewable energy resources. The Packaging
Accord encourages the adoption of technologies that help reduce packaging waste. The Environmental Choice ecolabe
l helps consumers find products that ease the burden on the environment.
Financing: Some of these activities are financed by baseline Governmental funding to the Ministry for the
Environment and other government agencies; others are funded through fixed-duration (non-baseline) funding to
the Ministry for the Environment and other agencies. The New Zealand Government also commissions research
and activities in this area using the following special public funds: the Public Good Science Fund (PGSF) is the
New Zealand Governments major strategic research fund with NZ$290.7 million allocated in the 1998/99 financial
year. The Marsden Fund was established to support excellent research and researchers and to enhance the quality
of the research environment by creating increased opportunity to undertake research that is purely curiosity-driven.
Sustainable Management Fund: The Ministry for the Environment administers a Sustainable Management Fund
(SMF) to pay for research needs in the area of sustainable management. The SMF has an annual budget of
approximately NZ$5.0 million to support community initiatives that help achieve the Government's environmental
management priorities. Voluntary adoption of eco-efficient and cleaner production practices by industry is
generally self-funded.
Cooperation: New Zealand participates in international fora, including, CSD, OECD, APEC, UNEP, the Australia
and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council (ANZECC), and the South Pacific Regional
Environmental Programme (SPREP), the work programmes of which (particularly CSD and OECD) often involve
sustainable consumption and production matters.
but a variety of agencies deal with related issues. The Ministry for the Environment and the Ministry of Foreign
Affairs and Trade are the coordinating agencies for the purposes of CSD liaison and communication. Other central
agencies involved with sustainable consumption and production issues are the following: Department of
Conservation (DOC), Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority (EECA), Land Information New Zealand
(LINZ), Ministry of: Fisheries (MFish); Agriculture and Forestry (MAF); Commerce (MCM); Research Science
and Technology, (MoRST); and Transport (MoT). The local government is New Zealand is responsible for
implementing the Resource Management Act. This legislation aims to promote sustainable management of natural
and physical resources. Both regional councils and territorial authorities are directly elected and set their own rates.
Functions of territorial authorities include land use consents under the Resource Management Act, noise control,
litter control, roading, water supply, sewage reticulation and disposal, rubbish collection and disposal, parks and
reserves, libraries, land subdivision, pensioner housing, health inspection, building consents, parking controls and
civil defence. Functions of regional councils are generally more limited and include management of air quality,
bulk water supply, regional roads and parks and public passenger transport planning.
There are several strategies and policies, and legislation, that promote sustainable consumption and production
patterns including: Environment 2010 Strategy, Resource Management Act 1991, Waste Management Policy,
Energy Efficiency Strategy, Fisheries Act 1996, Sustainable Land Management Strategy, and Hazardous
Substances and New Organisms Act 1996. Legislation and regulations for a number of minimum energy
performance standards have been formulated but await an opportunity in the legislative programme. In addition,
the following codes or practice, standards and guidelines apply: The ISO 14001 series environmental standard, the
European Union's Eco-management and Audit Scheme (EMAS), and the British Standard Specification for EMS
(BS 7750), Cleaner production guidelines and Packaging industry code of practice. Consumer protection is
provided through a series of legislation such as the Fair Trading Act, Commerce Act, Consumer Guarantees Act,
and the Unsolicited Goods and Services Act. Among the specific policy and economic instruments in this area are
the following: Polluter pays, Road user charges, and Climate change economic instruments.
New Zealand offers a variety of opportunities for the participation of major groups in the formulation of policy and
the development and operation of legislation. These include the use of public discussion documents, public
meetings, hui, and other forms of consultation during the formulation of policies, strategies, and plans; and written
and oral submissions to parliamentary committees and members of parliament during the formulation of legislation.
Programmes and Projects: An example of a related project is The Government Energy Efficiency Leadership
Programme (GEELP), which was launched in September 1993. The programme seeks to reduce energy costs within
the public sector and provide a role model for the industrial and commercial sectors to follow. Progress is
monitored through the use of Key Performance Indicators rather than quantitative analysis. The performance
indicators include the appointment of an energy manager, data reporting, monitoring and targeting, implementation,
an energy management plan, and staff education.
Status: The Government's Environment 2010 Strategy contains a framework of overarching goals for the
environment. These goals are qualitative, not quantitative. All sustainable production initiatives in industry in New
Zealand are undertaken on a voluntary basis. Central and local government agencies commission a variety of
research activities relative to sustainable consumption and production to meet their particular information
requirements (for example to assist the development of environmental policies). Financial constraints may affect
the ability of agencies to implement effective programmes to address issues related to promoting sustainable
consumption and production. However, a more binding constraint is likely to be that businesses see the benefits of
more sustainable production processes accruing primarily to the community rather than to them, while they face the
direct costs of putting such processes in place.
Capacity-Building, Education, Training and Awareness-Raising: The Government's environmental education
strategy provides the framework for educating the community to take up environmentally sound behaviour,
including that relating to production and consumption. The Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority
disseminates information on energy efficiency through seminars and publications, including a newsletter. The
Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry has provided materials (including displays, papers and videos) for teachers of
subjects associated with sustainable resource and land use. These materials are designed to advance sustainable
agriculture in educational institutions. The packaging industry has developed an education strategy. Various nongovernmental
organisations in New Zealand promote sustainable consumption and production. An example is The
Natural Step Environment Foundation Aotearoa New Zealand, a charitable trust and a subsidiary of the Natural
Step International. The Natural Step outlines four system conditions required for sustainable production and use of
resources, and recognises that sustainability must be achieved by building consensus between all sectors of the
community: government, industry, environmental organisations, the scientific community, households and
individuals. Some awareness campaigns are operating at the local government level. An example is the Wellington
Regional Council's water conservation awareness campaign.
Information: National level indicators of the state of New Zealand's environment are currently being developed
and trialed as part of the Ministry for the Environment's environmental performance indicators programme. The
current priority is to pilot and implement indicators for air, freshwater, land, ozone, and climate change. These will
be trialed over the next two years and fully implemented in 2000. At the same time, work is continuing to confirm
indicators for the marine environment, terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity, and waste, hazardous substances, and
toxic contaminants. Indicators for transport, energy, pests, weeds, and diseases are to follow. Current plans provide
for these latter sets of indicators to be implemented in the period 2000-2005. The aim is to have a set of core
environmental indicators in place by the turn of the century. Once the full suite of indicators is established,
consistent information on environmental trends will be used to review and reform policies and research initiatives
on a risk basis. The Ministry for the Environment's website allows access to environmental data as part of its
environmental performance indicators programme.
The Ministry for the Environment monitors implementation of the Resource Management Act using a variety of
methods, including case studies and an Annual Survey of Local Authorities. Information on consumption and
production patterns in New Zealand revealed in The State of New Zealand's Environment includes information on
water consumption, energy consumption and waste. Existing information to assist policy makers, industry and the
general public is available from disparate sources. .A variety of Ministry for the Environment publications are
generally available on its website. New Zealand has developed, with a local government body (the Auckland
Regional Council) a national on-line database of cleaner production case studies.
Research and Technologies: The Energy Efficiency and Conservation Author ity was established in 1992 to
encourage adoption of technologies that are energy-efficient and use renewable energy resources. The Packaging
Accord encourages the adoption of technologies that help reduce packaging waste. The Environmental Choice ecolabe
l helps consumers find products that ease the burden on the environment.
Financing: Some of these activities are financed by baseline Governmental funding to the Ministry for the
Environment and other government agencies; others are funded through fixed-duration (non-baseline) funding to
the Ministry for the Environment and other agencies. The New Zealand Government also commissions research
and activities in this area using the following special public funds: the Public Good Science Fund (PGSF) is the
New Zealand Governments major strategic research fund with NZ$290.7 million allocated in the 1998/99 financial
year. The Marsden Fund was established to support excellent research and researchers and to enhance the quality
of the research environment by creating increased opportunity to undertake research that is purely curiosity-driven.
Sustainable Management Fund: The Ministry for the Environment administers a Sustainable Management Fund
(SMF) to pay for research needs in the area of sustainable management. The SMF has an annual budget of
approximately NZ$5.0 million to support community initiatives that help achieve the Government's environmental
management priorities. Voluntary adoption of eco-efficient and cleaner production practices by industry is
generally self-funded.
Cooperation: New Zealand participates in international fora, including, CSD, OECD, APEC, UNEP, the Australia
and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council (ANZECC), and the South Pacific Regional
Environmental Programme (SPREP), the work programmes of which (particularly CSD and OECD) often involve
sustainable consumption and production matters.
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